The Gran Bosco della Mesola is a 1058-hectare nature reserve in the Po Delta Park. The area, consisting of ancient alluvial deposits, is now the largest wooded area in the Ferrara area. It began to form in the Middle Ages on ancient coastal dune belts formed at the mouths of the Po di Goro and Volano rivers and offers multiple scenarios: from the forest belt on the coast to a more inland one, from marshes covered with marsh vegetation to areas of grassland.
The particular climate (with abundant rainfall in autumn and spring, high temperatures in summer and cold in winter) and the specificity of the terrain create an extraordinary ecosystem.
Characteristic are the Mesola deer, the last trace of the deer species that originally populated the ancient Po Valley, as well as fallow deer and other animals such as foxes, hedgehogs, skunks and badgers. Exploring the different trails, one can encounter birds such as wood pigeons, turtle doves, orioles, woodpeckers and hoopoes, as well as birds of prey, reptiles, amphibians and different varieties of fish.
The flora is just as rich and includes species typical of the sands (juniper and sea buckthorn), Mediterranean scrub (holm oak and manna ash), wetlands (English oak, southern ash, white poplar, elm and hornbeam) and aquatic (reed and cane).
Today, the Gran Bosco della Mesola, also known as Boscone, has suffered a considerable decrease in fauna due to the reclamation of some areas, which have displaced typical wetland species. Recently, however, an area has been created (Elciola) suitable for herons, night herons, ducks, coots and waders.